Wireless networks use encryption to protect the data they carry against eavesdropping and malicious modifications. However, legacy encryption protocols (like WEP) are vulnerable to attack, and even secure protocols can be cracked using brute-force and dictionary-based attacks. Several different tools exist for cracking the passwords securing Wi-Fi networks.
Aircrack-ng is a popular wireless password-cracking tool. It starts by capturing wireless network packets, then attempts to crack the network password by analyzing them. Aircrack-ng supports FMS, PTW, Korek and other attacks against WEP passwords. Aircrack-ng can also use dictionary attacks to guess passwords for WPA, WPA2 and WPA3 Wi-Fi networks.
Wifi Attack Full Dictionary
Fern Wifi Wireless Cracker is designed to crack WEP/WPA/WPA/WPA2 keys on Wi-Fi networks. It accomplishes this through a variety of different attacks including exploitation of vulnerable protocols, phishing attacks, brute-force and dictionary-based password guessing attacks.
A dictionary attack is a method that consists of breaking into a password-protected computer or server (in this case a Wi-Fi network) by systematically entering every word in a dictionary as a password.
You won't magically have free Wi-Fi for the rest of your life, if that's what you're looking for. This is just a tutorial with educational purposes that shows how to execute dictionary attacks to a normal Wi-Fi network easily with Kali Linux and Aircrack. You need to know that dictionary based attacks needs a good dictionary, otherwise this kind of attacks are generally innefective as not everybody uses only numbers as passwords and that's precisely one of the goals of this article: you can warn clients, friends etc. that their Wi-Fi password is really weak and shameful.
We need to copy the WPA Handshake of the Wi-Fi router to hack it (as a dictionary attack that waits till the signal goes to the router, then comes back, fails and repeats the process again and again is very unproductive ... ). A handshake is basically an automatic process of negotiation between two entities, usually your computer and the network server it wants to connect to. It's the procedure that sets the configurations and parameters needed to make the communication channel run smoothly without manually putting in specifications and whatnot every time you connect heterogeneous systems or machines together.
Before proceeding with the attack, you need a passwords dictionary. This dictionary is basically a text file (filename.txt) with words that aircrack should use to access the network, so basically the following text is a password dictionary (every password is divided by a new line):
You only need to save the previous output into a file that will be used as a dictionary for our attack. Execute the following command to save it to a passwords.txt file (note that the path is up to you, we still using /root/hacking for it):
The execution of the command should start the dictionary attack and will try to access the network with every single password in our dictionary. The duration of the process will vary according to the number of passwords in your dictionary.
For the general question of dictionary attacks: there are two kinds of dictionary attacks, the online attacks and the offline attacks. An offline attack is one such that the attacker got enough data to "test" passwords on his own machines, at a rate which is limited only by whatever computational power he can muster. For instance, the attacker got a copy of the hash of a password. On the other hand, an online attack is one where the attacker must interact with an "honest" system (one which knows the correct password, e.g. a target server, or the client itself) for each guess.
A more thorough solution is to avoid offline dictionary attacks: you should not let an attacker get hold of any data which allows him to perform such an attack. In a Web/Internet context, this means that, for instance, you will perform authentication within a SSL/TLS tunnel (something known as "HTTPS"). You would still want to do good password hashing for password storage on the server, in case the attacker gains a read-only access to your database. Another kind of protocol is Password Authenticated Key Exchange: a cryptographic protocol which results in a shared key (suitable for subsequent symmetric encryption of data), with mutual authentication of client and server relatively to a password; this protocol can be played in full view of the attacker and it is still inherently resistant to offline dictionary attacks. The most recommended PAKE protocol is SRP.
About WiFi: there are several authentication protocols which can be used in WiFi. In WEP and "WPA-Personal" systems, authentication is called "PSK" (pre-shared key): encryption and integrity checks will be performed with keys derived deterministically from the WiFi password. This gives plenty of data for an attacker who wishes to perform an offline dictionary attacks. Since the key derivation protocol does not include provisions for a high number of hashing iterations (after all, it must be implementable with 30$ home routers), dictionary attacks tend to be quite effective. So the only real defense here is to select big fat random passwords, so that the entropy is high.
With "WPA-Enterprise", authentication is done through a generic layer called EAP, which encapsulates messages for an underlying protocol; the base station is supposed to forward those messages to a RADIUS server. There are many authentication protocols which are then applicable, some of which being of the PSK persuasion; but others are arguably stronger. For instance, there is an EAP-EKE, which is a PAKE protocol, hence resilient to offline dictionary attacks; another one is EAP-TLS, which internally performs a full SSL/TLS handshake, and thus, potentially, may use SRP-with-TLS.
Aircrack is an all in one packet sniffer, WEP and WPA/WPA2 cracker, analyzing tool and a hash capturing tool. It is a tool used for wifi hacking. It helps in capturing the package and reading the hashes out of them and even cracking those hashes by various attacks like dictionary attacks. It supports almost all the latest wireless interfaces.
Fern wifi cracker is used when we want a Graphical User Interface to crack wifi passwords. Fern is a widely used wifi hacking tool designed in Python Programming Language using the Python Qt GUI library. The tools are comfortable to attack wireless networks along with ethernet networks. Fern comes packed with many features, few of them are listed below.
A type of brute force attack, dictionary attacks rely on our habit of picking "basic" words as our password, the most common of which hackers have collated into "cracking dictionaries." More sophisticated dictionary attacks incorporate words that are personally important to you, like a birthplace, child's name, or pet's name.
If one of your network workstations is compromised and a malicious person gets network access to at least one system, it may not even be necessary for an attacker to be physically close to the wireless network in order to obtain full access to data sent and received. A password hash is normally stored in the Windows Registry, and can be retrieved remotely for off-line analysis.
You can use Elcomsoft Distributed Password Recovery to perform a full-performance attack on Wi-Fi passwords. Running on multiple computers, Elcomsoft Distributed Password Recovery can utilize all available resources (CPU and GPU units) when attempting to break your wireless password. If your password cannot be recovered after a reasonably long distributed attack, you may assume your network if sufficiently secure.
Elcomsoft Wireless Security Auditor performs a range of highly configurable attacks targeting the human factor. Advanced dictionary attacks are combined with common mutations in order to expose weak passwords consisting of words and phrases in spoken languages. Allowing highly customizable mutations of ordinary dictionary words, Elcomsoft Wireless Security Auditor performs hundreds of mutations to each word in order to ensure the widest coverage.
You should bear in mind that cyber-criminals use this method not only to access user services as email or social networks but also use dictionary attacks to breach the security of wifi networks, gain access to video games or the corporate systems of organizations.
On a daily basis, users use different password-protected services and devices. These passwords should be different because if an attacker finds out a password through a dictionary attack for one of these, the first thing he/she will do is to try his/her luck with it on other services used by the same user. To avoid the burden of having to memorize the passwords for all services and devices there are applications for managing them such as KeePass. The password managers ask for a single password that you have to remember which gives access to the rest of the passwords used for other services.
Wireless hacking can be defined as an attack on wireless networks or access points that offer confidential information such as authentication attacks, wifi passwords, admin portal access, and other similar data. Wireless hacking is performed for gaining unauthorized access to a private wifi network.
WPA/WPA2 cracking technique: Our devices have wireless passwords stored so that we do not enter the password on the same device again and again. The attackers take advantage of this by forcefully de-authenticating all the devices on the network. The devices will try to auto-connect to the access point by completing the 4-way handshake. This handshake is recorded and has the hashed password. The hashed password can be brute-forced by using a rainbow table.
Wireless hacking tools are the software programs specifically designed to hack wireless networks by either leveraging dictionary attacks for cracking WEP/WPA protected wireless networks or exploiting susceptibilities in wifi systems. 2ff7e9595c
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